BonesLabs Blog
Updates on our supply, methodology references, and notes from the bench — written by the BonesLabs team for the research community.
Showing 1-18 of 95 posts | page 1/6
Vilon: A Khavinson Dipeptide Bioregulator (Lys-Glu) Research summary. Vilon is a short dipeptide (Lys-Glu; KE) developed within the Khavinson “peptide bioregulator” research programme in St. Petersburg, Russia. It is among the smallest peptides reported to have biological activity in that framework. Within the originating programme, Vilon has been described as immunomodulatory — reportedly acting on […]
Vesugen: A Khavinson Tripeptide Bioregulator (Lys-Glu-Asp) Research summary. Vesugen is a short tripeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp; KED) developed within the Khavinson "peptide bioregulator" research programme in St. Petersburg, Russia. Within that framework, it is described as a vascular-tropic bioregulator with reported effects on endothelial function, atherosclerotic-process markers, and downstream consequences such as neuroprotection in the central nervous […]
Vesilute: A Khavinson Dipeptide Bioregulator Research summary. Vesilute is a short dipeptide (Glu-Asp) developed within the Khavinson "peptide bioregulator" research programme in St. Petersburg, Russia. Within that framework, it is described as having organotropic activity for the urinary bladder and prostate, with reported effects on smooth-muscle tone, microcirculation, and tissue homeostasis in genitourinary tissues. As […]
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP): A 28-Residue Class B GPCR Ligand Research summary. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-residue endogenous neuropeptide first isolated from porcine intestine in 1970 by Said and Mutt. It is a member of the secretin/glucagon peptide superfamily and signals primarily through the class B G protein-coupled receptors VPAC1 and VPAC2 (and, […]
Triptorelin: A Synthetic GnRH Decapeptide Agonist Research summary. Triptorelin is a synthetic decapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in which the natural glycine at position 6 is replaced by D-tryptophan, producing a long-acting agonist of the GnRH receptor. Continuous (non-pulsatile) administration produces an initial flare followed by sustained suppression of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and […]
Triblend (BPC-157 / TB-500 / KPV): A Research Peptide Combination for Tissue-Repair Models Research summary. A "triblend" of BPC-157, TB-500 (thymosin beta-4), and KPV is a research-grade preparation combining three peptides commonly used in tissue-repair and inflammation research. The pharmacological rationale is that the three components act through distinct, non-overlapping mechanisms — angiogenesis and gut-mucosal […]
Tirzepatide: A GIP / GLP-1 Dual Receptor Agonist Research summary. Tirzepatide is a once-weekly synthetic peptide developed by Eli Lilly that acts as a dual agonist at the gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptor and the GLP-1 receptor. It was approved by the FDA in 2022 as Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes and in 2023 as […]
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH / Protirelin): A Hypothalamic Tripeptide Research summary. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), also known by its synthetic-equivalent INN protirelin, is a hypothalamic tripeptide that triggers release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary. It is one of the smallest biologically active peptides — Pyr-His-Pro-NH₂, a single tripeptide modified at both termini […]
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Thymalfasin): A 28-Residue Immunomodulatory Thymic Peptide Research summary. Thymosin alpha-1 is a 28-amino-acid immunomodulatory peptide originally isolated from the thymus by Allan Goldstein and colleagues in the 1970s. Its synthetic equivalent, thymalfasin, has been used clinically for decades across more than thirty countries (though not in the United States) as an immunomodulator in […]
Thymagen (Thymogen): A Khavinson-Family Dipeptide Bioregulator Studied in Immune-Function Models Research summary. Thymagen, also marketed in Russia under the name Thymogen, is the dipeptide Glu-Trp (EW), the smallest member of the Khavinson "peptide bioregulator" family. It was originally isolated as an active fragment of larger thymic-extract preparations and is now produced synthetically. The published Russian […]
Testagen: A Khavinson Tetrapeptide Bioregulator Studied in Pituitary-Thyroid-Gonadal Axis Models Research summary. Testagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide belonging to the Khavinson "peptide bioregulator" family, with reported effects centred on the pituitary gland and downstream pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-gonadal axis endpoints. Like other members of the Khavinson tripeptide and tetrapeptide series, the proposed mechanism centres on direct […]
Tesamorelin: A Stabilised GHRH(1–44) Analogue Approved for HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Research summary. Tesamorelin is a stabilised synthetic analogue of full-length human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH, residues 1–44), modified at the N-terminus with a trans-3-hexenoyl group to confer resistance to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 cleavage. It is the only GHRH analogue currently FDA-approved as a marketed drug, having been […]
Tesamorelin & Ipamorelin Blend: A Research GHRH/GHRP Combination Research summary. A "tesamorelin-and-ipamorelin blend" is a research-grade preparation combining a GHRH-axis agonist (tesamorelin) with a ghrelin-mimetic / GHS-R1a agonist (ipamorelin) in a single formulation. The pharmacological rationale is the well-characterised synergy between these two pituitary-GH-release pathways: GHRH-receptor agonism and ghrelin-receptor agonism converge on somatotroph GH release […]
TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4): An Actin-Sequestering Peptide Studied in Tissue Repair Research summary. Thymosin beta-4 (TB-500) is a 43-amino-acid peptide present in essentially all mammalian cells, where it is the most abundant member of the beta-thymosin family. Its primary biochemical function is sequestration of monomeric G-actin — TB-500 maintains a large pool of unpolymerised actin available […]
Survodutide (BI 456906): A Dual GLP-1 / Glucagon Receptor Agonist Research summary. Survodutide is a once-weekly synthetic peptide developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma as a dual agonist at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Mechanistically it occupies an intermediate position between GLP-1 monoagonists (semaglutide) and the GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triple agonist retatrutide: it adds glucagon-receptor agonism […]
SS-31 (Elamipretide / MTP-131): A Mitochondria-Targeted Cardiolipin-Binding Peptide Research summary. SS-31, also known by its INN elamipretide and the developmental codes MTP-131 and Bendavia, is a synthetic aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide developed at Cornell University in the laboratory of Hazel Szeto. It is the prototype of the "Szeto-Schiller" peptide family, designed to selectively accumulate in the inner […]
SNAP-8 (Acetyl Octapeptide-3): A Cosmetic Peptide for Topical Anti-Wrinkle Formulations Research summary. SNAP-8, also known by the INCI name acetyl octapeptide-3 (or acetyl glutamyl heptapeptide-1), is a synthetic eight-amino-acid cosmetic peptide developed as a topical-formulation alternative in the "muscle-relaxant peptide" cosmetic class. It is designed to interfere with SNARE-complex-mediated neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction […]
SLU-PP-332: An ERR Pan-Agonist Studied as an Exercise Mimetic Research summary. SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic small molecule (not a peptide) developed at Saint Louis University as a pan-agonist of the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family — ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ. ERRs are orphan nuclear receptors that drive transcriptional programmes in mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty-acid […]