BonesLabs Blog
Updates on our supply, methodology references, and notes from the bench — written by the BonesLabs team for the research community.
Showing 73-90 of 95 posts | page 5/6
FOXO4-DRI: A Retro-Inverso Senolytic Peptide Research summary. FOXO4-DRI (Drug Retro-Inverso) is a synthetic D-amino-acid peptide designed to selectively induce apoptosis in senescent cells. The molecule was developed in the laboratory of Peter de Keizer and reported in Cell in 2017 in a study that became one of the most-cited references in the senolytic-peptide field. Its […]
Follistatin-344: A Precursor Isoform Studied in Muscle and Metabolic Research Research summary. Follistatin-344 (FST-344) is a 344-amino-acid glycoprotein precursor produced by the FST gene. In native biology, it is processed proteolytically to yield the mature circulating forms, principally FST-315 and FST-288. The 344-residue form retains a 29-residue signal peptide that is cleaved during secretion. In […]
Follistatin-315: A Circulating Activin-Binding Protein Studied in Muscle and Fibrosis Research Research summary. Follistatin is a secreted glycoprotein originally isolated from ovarian follicular fluid as a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) inhibitor. It exists in two principal isoforms generated by alternative splicing — Follistatin-315 (FST-315) and Follistatin-288 (FST-288) — together with a 300-residue proteolytic intermediate. FST-315 is […]
Epithalon (Epitalon): A Tetrapeptide Studied in Telomerase, Melatonin, and Aging Research Research summary. Epithalon (also written Epitalon, Epithalone) is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, AEDG) developed in the 1980s by the laboratory of Vladimir Khavinson in Russia as a synthetic counterpart to a polypeptide pineal-gland extract called Epithalamin. It is one of the most extensively studied […]
DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide): A Nonapeptide of the Stress and Sleep Axis Research summary. Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide (DSIP) is a naturally occurring nonapeptide first isolated in the 1970s by the laboratory of Marcel Monnier and Guido Schoenenberger at the University of Basel, who observed that cerebral venous blood from sleeping rabbits contained a factor capable […]
DNSP-11: A GDNF-Derived Peptide Studied in Dopaminergic Research Research summary. DNSP-11 (Dopamine Neuron Stimulating Peptide-11) is an 11-amino-acid amidated peptide derived from the proregion of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). It was developed and characterised by the Gash and Gerhardt laboratories at the University of Kentucky as a smaller, more deliverable alternative to full-length […]
Cortagen: A Cortex-Tropic Tetrapeptide Bioregulator Research summary. Cortagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro, AEDP) belonging to the Khavinson short-peptide bioregulator family. As its name suggests, the peptide has been studied primarily for effects on cortical neural tissue and the broader central nervous system, with reported activity in nerve regeneration, neuroinflammation, and oxidative-stress models in rodents. […]
CJC-1295 with DAC: A Long-Acting GHRH Analogue with Drug Affinity Complex Research summary. CJC-1295 is a synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) modified to extend its plasma half-life from minutes to days through covalent attachment to serum albumin. The "DAC" (Drug Affinity Complex) variant carries a maleimidopropionic acid linker that reacts irreversibly with cysteine-34 […]
Chonluten: A Tripeptide Bioregulator with Pulmonary Tropism Research summary. Chonluten is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Gly, EDG) belonging to the Khavinson short-peptide bioregulator family. It is reported in the source literature to have selective effects on bronchial mucosal tissue, with secondary activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Like other members of its family, it is studied as […]
Cerebrolysin: A Porcine-Derived Neuropeptide Preparation Research summary. Cerebrolysin is a parenteral neuropeptide preparation manufactured from porcine brain tissue through a controlled enzymatic breakdown process. Unlike single-molecule peptides, Cerebrolysin is a defined mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acids derived from CNS tissue, designed to recapitulate the neurotrophic activity of endogenous brain growth factors. The […]
Cartalax: A Tripeptide Bioregulator Studied in Connective and Renal Tissue Research summary. Cartalax (Ala-Glu-Asp, AED) is a synthetic tripeptide member of the Khavinson short-peptide bioregulator family. It is one of the shorter members of the family — composed of just three amino acids — and is reported in the source literature to have effects on […]
Cardiogen: A Cardiac-Tropic Tetrapeptide Bioregulator Research summary. Cardiogen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg) belonging to the family of short peptide bioregulators developed by the Khavinson laboratory. As with other members of this family, it is reported to act in a tissue-selective manner — in this case on cardiac tissue, with effects on cardiomyocyte and fibroblast […]
CagriSema: A Fixed-Dose Cagrilintide–Semaglutide Combination Research summary. CagriSema is a fixed-dose combination of two long-acting peptide hormones developed by Novo Nordisk: cagrilintide (a long-acting amylin analogue) and semaglutide (a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist). The combination engages two anatomically and pharmacologically distinct appetite-regulating circuits in a single weekly subcutaneous dose, with the goal of producing greater […]
Cagrilintide: A Long-Acting Amylin Analogue for Metabolic Research Research summary. Cagrilintide (development code AM833) is a long-acting synthetic analogue of human amylin developed by Novo Nordisk. Amylin is a 37-amino-acid peptide co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β-cells; it slows gastric emptying, suppresses post-prandial glucagon secretion, and promotes satiety through engagement of receptors in the area […]
Bronchogen: A Tetrapeptide Bioregulator Studied in Pulmonary Tissue Research summary. Bronchogen is a four-amino-acid synthetic peptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu, AEDL) that belongs to the family of "short peptide bioregulators" developed and characterised by the laboratory of Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. The bioregulator concept holds that very short peptides — typically […]
BAM-15: A Selective Mitochondrial Uncoupler for Metabolic Research Research summary. BAM-15 is a synthetic small-molecule mitochondrial protonophore — a selective uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. It is not a peptide; it is included in peptide-research catalogues because of its prominence in the broader landscape of metabolic research compounds. By dissipating the proton gradient across the inner […]
B7-33: A Functionally Selective Single-Chain Relaxin Analogue Research summary. B7-33 is a synthetic single-chain peptide derived from the B-chain of human H2-relaxin. Engineered by the Hossain laboratory at the Florey Institute, it was designed to capture the anti-fibrotic activity of native H2-relaxin while simplifying production and biasing receptor signalling away from the cAMP pathway, which […]
Astressin-B: A Long-Acting CRF Receptor Antagonist Studied in Stress-Linked Hair Cycling Research summary. Astressin-B is a synthetic peptide antagonist of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor family, with non-selective activity at both CRF₁ and CRF₂ receptor subtypes. It was developed as a research tool for probing peripheral CRF signalling, and it became widely cited in the […]